Probucol

Probucol (DH-581) is an anti-hyperlipidemic agent. Probucol activates glutathione peroxidase. Probucol promotes low density lipoprotein (LDL) catabolism, inhibits ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux, and decreases HDL-C levels. Probucol also has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Probucol can be used for researches on bone, cardiovascular, cancer, neurological, and metabolism-related diseases[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].

Product Specifications

CAS Number

[23288-49-5]

Product Name Alternative

DH-581

UNSPSC

12352005

Hazard Statement

H315, H319, H335

Target

Apoptosis; Caspase; Glutathione Peroxidase; Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) ; Virus Protease

Type

Reference compound

Related Pathways

Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Immunology/Inflammation; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; NF-κB

Applications

Metabolism-sugar/lipid metabolism

Field of Research

Cancer; Metabolic Disease; Inflammation/Immunology; Neurological Disease

Assay Protocol

https://www.medchemexpress.com/probucol.html

Purity

99.97

Solubility

DMSO : 125 mg/mL (ultrasonic; warming; heat to 60°C)

Smiles

CC(SC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1)(SC2=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C2)C

Molecular Formula

C31H48O2S2

Molecular Weight

516.84

Precautions

H315, H319, H335

References & Citations

[1]1. A Unique Antilipidemic Drug - Probucol". Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis. 15 (6) : 304–5. |[2]2. Steinberg D. Studies on the mechanism of action of probucol. Am J Cardiol. 1986 Jun 27;57 (16) :16H-21H.|[3]3. Favari E, et al. Probucol inhibits ABCA1-mediated cellular lipid efflux. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 Dec;24 (12) :2345-50. |[4]4. Zhong JK, et al. Probucol alleviates atherosclerosis and improves high density lipoprotein function. Lipids Health Dis. 2011 Nov 12;10:210. |[5]5. Zhou X, et al. Probucol promotes high glucose-induced proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by reducing reactive oxygen species generation in Müller cells. Int Ophthalmol. 2019 Dec;39 (12) :2833-2842.|[6]6. Iqbal M, et al. Probucol as a potent inhibitor of oxygen radical-induced lipid peroxidation and DNA damage: in vitro studies. Redox Rep. 2004;9 (3) :167-72. |[7]7. Santos DB, et al. Probucol Protects Neuronal Cells Against Peroxide-Induced Damage and Directly Activates Glutathione Peroxidase-1. Mol Neurobiol. 2020 Aug;57 (8) :3245-3257. |[8]8. Siveski-Iliskovic, et al. Probucol promotes endogenous antioxidants and provides protection against adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. Circulation. 1994 Jun;89 (6) :2829-35. |[9]9. Siveski-Iliskovic, et al. Probucol protects against adriamycin cardiomyopathy without interfering with its antitumor effect. Circulation. 1995 Jan 1;91 (1) :10-5. |[10]10. Wang H, et al. Probucol enhances the therapeutic efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats by prolonging their survival time via Nrf2 pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020 Jul 21;11 (1) :302. |[11]11. Tao ZS, et al. Probucol promotes osteoblasts differentiation and prevents osteoporosis development through reducing oxidative stress. Mol Med. 2022 Jun 28;28 (1) :75. |[12]12. Sia YT, et al. Beneficial effects of long-term use of the antioxidant probucol in heart failure in the rat. Circulation. 2002 May 28;105 (21) :2549-55.|[13]13. Zhang W, et al. Probucol recovers pathological damage in viral Myocarditis through improvement of myocardium-related proteins. Microb Pathog. 2020 Oct;147:104257.