Anti-APOBEC3B Antibody

The Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing, enzyme-catalytic, polypeptide-like (APOBEC) 3 is a multi-isoform member of the cytosine deaminase family of enzymes that act on monomeric nucleoside and nucleotide substrates (1) . Similar to TRIM5? which targets incoming retroviral capsids, APOBEC3 plays a major role in cellular defense against retroviral infection (2,3) . APOBEC3B has also been shown to be upregulated in several cancers; it is thought that APOBEC3B-catalyzed genomic uracil lesions are responsible for a large proportion of mutations in multiple distinct cancers (4) .

APOBEC3B antibody is human, mouse and rat reactive . At least three isoforms of APOBEC3B are known to exist; this antibody will detect all three. APOBEC3B antibody may cross-react with APOBEC3D.

APOBEC3B antibody was raised against a 14 amino acid peptide near the amino terminus of human APOBEC3B. The immunogen is located within amino acids 20 - 70 of APOBEC3B.

Expressed at high and moderate levels in peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen, testes, heart, thymus, prostate and ovary. Also expressed at low levels in several other tissues.

DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination- independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single-or double- stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human T- cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and may inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons.