Anti-Toll-like receptor 9 TLR9 Antibody

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern-recognition molecules resembling the toll proteins that mediate antimicrobial responses in Drosophila. These proteins recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR9 forms a subfamily along with TLR7 and TLR8 that recognize viral RNA and CpG DNA sequences and are localized in intracellular acidic compartments such as the phagolysosome. Unlike other TLRs which act through adaptor molecules such as TOLLIP, TIRAP, TRIF, and MyD88 to activate various kinases and transcription factors to respond to potential infection, TLR9 is strictly dependent on MyD88.

TLR9 antibody was raised against a peptide corresponding to 16 amino acids near the carboxy terminus of human TLR9. The immunogen is located within amino acids 960 - 1010 of TLR9.

Highly expressed in spleen, lymph node, tonsil and peripheral blood leukocytes, especially in plasmacytoid pre- dendritic cells. Levels are much lower in monocytes and CD11c+ immature dendritic cells. Also detected in lung and liver.

Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR9 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (PubMed:11564765, PubMed:17932028) . Controls lymphocyte response to Helicobacter infection (By similarity) . Upon CpG stimulation, induces B-cell proliferation, activation, survival and antibody production (PubMed:23857366) .

TLR9 antibody can be stored at 4°C for three months and -20°C, stable for up to one year. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Antibodies should not be exposed to prolonged high temperatures.